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Immune responses to an infectious agent, an allergen, cancer cells, and "self" tissues can be used as diagnostic aids. For example, antibodies made by an animal to a virus can be detected in the animal's blood to identify a viral infection. "Autoantibodies" against red blood cells can be detected in animals with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Cross-matching of donor blood permits the veterinarian to give compatible blood to an animal in need of a transfusion, and the blood type of animals can be determined using immunologic techniques.
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